The elbow joint is made up of three bones: the humerus, radius, and ulna. These bones are connected by ligaments, which help to keep the joint stable. Surrounding the bones are muscles and tendons that work together to allow movement and enable different actions. An elbow fracture can happen due to trauma, which may result from various causes such as falling on an outstretched arm, hitting the elbow directly, or twisting the joint in an unusual way that exceeds its normal range of motion.
Olecranon fractures: These are breaks that happen at the bony parts of the ulna. If the breaks are stable, they are managed with a splint to keep the area still, and then exercises are done to help restore movement. But if the breaks are serious, surgery is needed to fix them.
Symptoms of an olecranon fracture typically involve pain, swelling, bruising, and stiffness around the elbow. Individuals may also hear or feel a popping or cracking sound at the time of injury. In some cases, the bones of the elbow may appear misshapen or deformed.
To diagnose an olecranon fracture, X-rays of the elbow are usually taken. In certain situations, a CT scan might be required to better understand the condition of the joint surface.
The aim of the treatment is to maximize early motion to reduce the risk of stiffness. Nonsurgical treatment options include use of a splint or a sling to immobilize the elbow during the healing process. Surgery is indicated in displaced and open fractures to realign the bones and stabilize the joint as well as to avoid deep infections.
Strengthening exercises, scar massage, therapy with ultrasound, heat, and ice are recommended to improve the range of motion. Splints are also used to facilitate stretching of the joint.
